In the territory of the republic the national park "Bashkiria", the Bashkir reserve, the Southern Ural reserve, the reserve Shulgan-Tash are created.
Reserves of Bashkiria
Reserves are located in Youzhny Urala's central part, in the territory of the Burzyansky region of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Are created for protection of undisturbed ecosystems of mountain Preduralya, first of all the undisturbed woods. Landscapes of the reserve were formed under the influence of the same geological processes, as all Southern Ural. Formation of landscapes of the reserve is connected not only with climate evolution, but also with a geologo-geomorphological structure. Unequal moistening and fertility of soils from tops to feet of ridges, on slopes of a different steepness, on different rocks created a variety of vegetative communities of the reserve.
Southern Krak's orography is quite difficult. The water separate ridge is strongly dismembered. In a southeast corner of the reserve it begins ridge Avdekte in height of 840 m over Ur. seas. Valley of river. The southern Uzyan the ridge Avdekte is separated from the largest ridge of the reserve and Southern Krak - Sargainsky. Extended from the North to the south on 8 km the Sargainsky ridge has flat top to 2,5 km in the width, covered with steppes, ostep-nenny pine forests and light forests. This ridge - a watershed for Southern Uzyan's inflows.
In the north the Sargainsky ridge separates a saddle from Yaman-Gyr's extended from the northeast on the southwest ploskovershinny ridge. Yaman-Gyra serves as a watershed of two largest rivers of the reserve, inflows by Béla, - the Southern Uzyan and Kagi. Yaman-Gyr's crest in places exceeds 900 m over Ur. seas. In the east of Yaman-Gyr passes to a high water separate ridge of the same rivers with a gear rocky crest. To the south the massif breaks up to a number of the hills remote from each other in height of 600-700 m among which are most considerable Big Apshak, Big Bashart, Alakbar, etc. All these mountains have asymmetric slopes with a steepness not less than 15 °, the small flat tops covered with a light forest, dry pine forests and various colourful steppes
From 161 types of land vertebrata 56 are usual for the reserve. This is a wolf, a fox, a badger, кряква, a black kite, a crane, an eagle owl, a gray crow, etc. Representatives of the European fauna, inhabitants of the broad-leaved woods - 64 look: veretenitsa, kutor, zheltogorly mouse, ordinary vole, korostel, осоед, buzzard, zaryanka, jay, etc. It is a lot of types (27) European-West Siberian taiga faunae, including the red vole, a hare white hare, an elk, a chipmunk, the vole housekeeper, a deaf cuckoo, bearded неясыть; 5 types of the Mediterranean fauna - a blue rock pigeon, Sapsan, a splyushka, gray сорокопут; 3 types of the Chinese - lentil, жулан, a green warbler.
Geographical features of the South of mountain and wood Bashkiria where the reserve is located, are connected with its proximity to the forest-steppe and the steppe. Many wood, especially taiga, types - a bear, a chipmunk, a lynx, the squirrel, a wood-grouse, the crossbill-elovik, a deaf cuckoo, bearded неясыть, a bullfinch - live at the southern Ural border of their areas.
Southern Ural reserve
The reserve is located in the territory of the Beloretsky area of the republic Bashkortostan and the Katav-Ivanovsky region of Chelyabinsk region, Youzhny Urala's most high-mountainous region (massifs Iremel and Yamantau) the Reserve is created for protection of mountain and taiga ecosystems of Youzhny Urala in all their rakhnoobraziya. Thanks to the greatest absolute heights in this region of Ural, ecosystems from mountain and taiga fir fir forests with not moral elements to the mountain tundra here are presented, sites of mountain meadows meet.
Under protection of the reserve there are 49 species of mammals, 200 bird species, 19 species of fish, apprx. 700 types of vascular plants. From rare species of birds the golden eagle meets, it is a lot of rare and endemic species of plants, - a yatryshnik shlemonosny, a gypsophila Ural, a radio-gramophone iremelsky, Litvinov's rank, цицербита Ural, a korostavnik Tatar. It is a lot of rare species of butterflies.
Reserve "Shulgan-Tash"
The reserve is on Youzhny Urala's western macroslope, a watershed рр. White and Nugush (rocky massif Shulgan-Tash); in the Burzyansky region of the Republic of Bashkortostan. A main objective of creation - protection of native population of the Bashkir wild bees (the unique reserve in the world, protecting native bees); and also protection of mountain and taiga ecosystems of the foothills of Youzhny Urala. Besides, within the reserve there is one of the most known karstic caves of the world - Kapovaya, and some other large caves
From insectivorous mammals in the reserve the ordinary hedgehog is usual. Upholstered in valleys and nizkogorye, he lives almost in all biotopes. Ordinary бурозубка dominates in the woods and is more rare on sukhodolny meadows. Average бурозубка meets in the mountain steppe more often. Kutor live in small rivers and especially in the smallest streamlets.
The southern species of rodents live in the reserve "Shulgan-Tash" with its broad-leaved woods and elements of forest-steppe vegetation. In the conditions of nizkogoriya meadow forms here can live in the mixed woods, and wood - on the contrary, quite often meet on meadows. Under bed curtains of oaks and lindens there live many zheltogorly and wood mice, garden сонь. A set grew dull in old oak forests and липняках serve as shelters to wood small animals - to squirrels, летягам and to chipmunks.
From four types of hoofed animals of the reserve two - a native elk and the roe, a wild boar - naturally settled in his territory and the maral is acclimatized. Roes in the reserve became rare, though to its organization in these parts they too were small. From wild animals in the broad-leaved woods of the reserve there are a lot of bears who live in them mainly in the summer. Brown bears within a year change habitats four times. Having left in the spring dens, they leave on rocks and abrupt slopes of river valleys where snow already thawed and it is possible to find a forage.
Here such they are reserves of Bashkiria.